RESEARCH ARTICLE
An Integrated Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Approach Identifies New BH3-Only Protein Candidates
Robert G. Hawley*, 1, Yuzhong Chen†, 2, Irene Riz1, Chen Zeng2
Article Information
Identifiers and Pagination:
Year: 2012Volume: 5
First Page: 6
Last Page: 16
Publisher Id: TOBIOJ-5-6
DOI: 10.2174/1874196701205010006
Article History:
Received Date: 17/02/2012Revision Received Date: 30/03/2012
Acceptance Date: 02/04/2012
Electronic publication date: 04/5/2012
Collection year: 2012
open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
In this study, we utilized an integrated bioinformatics and computational biology approach in search of new BH3-only proteins belonging to the BCL2 family of apoptotic regulators. The BH3 (BCL2 homology 3) domain mediates specific binding interactions among various BCL2 family members. It is composed of an amphipathic α-helical region of approximately 13 residues that has only a few amino acids that are highly conserved across all members. Using a generalized motif, we performed a genome-wide search for novel BH3-containing proteins in the NCBI Consensus Coding Sequence (CCDS) database. In addition to known pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins, 197 proteins were recovered that satisfied the search criteria. These were categorized according to α-helical content and predictive binding to BCL-xL (encoded by BCL2L1) and MCL-1, two representative anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members, using position-specific scoring matrix models. Notably, the list is enriched for proteins associated with autophagy as well as a broad spectrum of cellular stress responses such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, antiviral defense, and the DNA damage response. Several potential novel BH3-containing proteins are highlighted. In particular, the analysis strongly suggests that the apoptosis inhibitor and DNA damage response regulator, AVEN, which was originally isolated as a BCL-xLinteracting protein, is a functional BH3-only protein representing a distinct subclass of BCL2 family members.